Spondylolisthesis occurs when one vertebra displaces forward over the one below it. This can be caused by a congenital defect, degenerative arthritic changes in the facet joints, or repetitive physical stress that leads to a stress fracture (spondylolysis). As the vertebra slips, it can compress nearby spinal nerves, resulting in lower back pain and neurological symptoms radiating down the legs.
Patients diagnosed with this condition should avoid activities that place excessive hyperextension or heavy impact on the lower back, such as gymnastics, weightlifting, or high-contact sports. Instead, low-impact exercises that promote core stabilization are highly recommended to properly support the spine and prevent the slippage from progressing.
